The Uses of ONE
As a determiner, the word one is sometimes used before a proper noun to designate, particularly, this person: "He delivered the package to one Ronald Pepin of Colchester." The article "a" will also function in that position for the same purpose.
Sometimes we use the word one as an adjective, as in "I'll have just one scoop of ice-cream," and we seldom have trouble with that usage. But we also use one as a pronoun, and this is where one becomes surprisingly complex.
Sometimes the pronoun one functions as a numerical expression:
• Those are lovely scarves. I think I'll buy one.
• Oneishardlyenough.
• One is purple, the other green.
• The three brothers get along quite well; in fact they adore one another.
• One of the senators will lead the group to the front of the capitol.
• The yellow car is fast, but I think the blue one will win.
As a pronoun, one can also function in an impersonal, objective manner, standing for the writer or for all people who are like the writer or for the average person or for all people who belong to a class. In the United States, one sometimes has a literary or highfalutin feel to it; the more it is used, the more pretentious it feels. In British English, the use of the impersonal or generic one is more commonplace and has no such stigma. In the U.S., one is often replaced by you.
• One would think the airlines would have to close down.
• One would [You'd] think the inner dome of heaven had fallen.
• The young comedian was awful; one felt embarrased for him.
• If one fails, then one must try harder next time.
When the pronoun one is used in the numerical sense, a different pronoun can be used in a subsequent reference.
• We watched as one [of the ospreys] dried its feathers in the sun.
• One [driver] pulled her car over to the side.
However, it is generally regarded as a bad idea to mix the impersonal or generic pronoun one with another pronoun, especially in the same sentence, as in "If one fails, then he/you must simply try harder."
One's Reflexive and Possessive Forms
In the United States, the possessive and reflexive forms of one — one's and oneself — are often replaced by other pronoun forms. In British English, they are commonplace:
• One must be conscientious about one's dental hygiene.
In the U.S. that one's is apt to be replaced by a third-person "his" or (more informally) a second-person "your":
• One must learn from one's [or his] mistakes.
• One must be conscientious about one's [or his] dental hygiene.
• One must be conscientious about your dental hygiene.
In formal writing, the use of your in that last sentence — in either American or British English — would be regarded as too casual or even sub-standard. On the other hand, the problem with using "his" is obvious: it runs counter to the tendency to remove gender bias from one's language as much as possible. Thus, even in American English, this mixture of "one" with "he/his/him" is slowly disappearing.*
Oneself is used in formal writing and speech as the proper reflexive form of one:
• If one slipped on this icy walk, one could hurt oneself badly.
Notice there is usually no apostrophe used in the spelling of oneself. The construction one's self is used to refer to the concept of self (in psychology, for instance): "One's self, according to Freud, is defined by the interactions of the id, the ego, and the super-ego."
Some & Any
Some is usually used to indicate positive substance. Any is used in questions and negatives. For example,
There is some bread on the table.
I would like some more meat.
Do you have any towels?
There aren't any more oranges.
Some and any can also be used as parts of indefinite pronouns: something, somebody, anything, anyone.
Is anyone home?
There isn't anything in the oven.
Something is wrong.
Be careful when using some and any alone in sentences.
I don't have some.
I don't have any. (Incorrect)
(Correct)
Some can also be used in certain types of questions, such as offers and requests. For example,
Would you like some more pie?
Could I have some candy?
The words some and any are used for countable and uncountable nouns. In general, we could say that some means a few / a little and any means none in negative clauses or a few / a little in questions.
Positive Clauses
In positive clauses, we usually use some.
Example:
I have bought some bread.
I have bought some apples.
Negative Clauses
In negative clauses, we use any. Note, however, that any alone is not a negative - it must be not ... any
Example:
I have not bought any bread.
I have not bought any apples.
Questions
In questions, we usually use any.
Example:
Have you bought any bread?
Have you bought any apples?
Compound Words with some & any
Some & any can also be part of compound words such as:
• something / anything
• someone / anyone
• somewhere / anywhere
Note that some&any have to be used with a noun while compound words with some&any can stand on their own.
Example:
I have bought some bread.
I have bought something.
However, some and any need not stand directly before the noun. Sometimes, the noun appears somewhere before some or any and is not repeated. So if you are not sure whether to use some or something for example, check if there is a noun in the sentence that you can place after some.
Example:
I do not have to buy bread. Rachel has already bought some [bread].
Exceptions
Positive Clauses with Any
We usually use some in positive clauses. But after never, without, hardly, we use any.
Example:
We never go anywhere.
She did her homework without any help.
There’s hardly anyone here.
Also in if clauses, we usually use any.
Example:
If there is anything to do, just call me.
Questions with Some
We usually use any in questions. But if we expect or want the other to answer ‚yes‘, we use some.
Example:
Have you got any brothers and sisters?
→ some people have brothers or sisters, others don't - we cannot expect the answer to be ‚yes‘
Would you like some biscuits?
→ we offer something and want to encourage the other to say ‚ja‘
Exercises on some / any
Some, Any or No
1.
Only ___ of his friends came. Not all of them.
2.
There isn't ___ food in the refrigerator, is there?
3.
We are broke. We have ___ money to buy grandpa a gift.
4.
I bought a loaf of bread and ___ cheese at the supermarket yesterday.
5.
Don't you know the proverb: "___ news is good news"?
6.
We don't have ___ sugar or flour to make the cake.
7.
___ place he chooses to go will be fine.
8.
Don't close the door. There are still ___ children outside.
9.
Why don't you decorate the room with ___ white flowers?
10.
I'm busy. I have ___ time to chat with you now.
11.
___ people prefer to study in the morning; others at night.
12.
If you have ___ problem, call me.
13.
There aren't ___ books on this topic in the library.
14.
___ book about camping will tell you how to put up a tent.
15.
I gave him ___ medicine for his headache, so he feels much better now.
16.
The teacher has ___ time to correct the compositions now. She has a meeting with the school director.
17.
I have ___ dictionaries in my room that you are welcome to use.
18.
Here are ___ nice ripe apples.
19.
___ matter what he does, they will not accept him in the group.
20.
They haven't asked us ___ questions so far.
21.
He doesn't want ___ dessert, for he's on a diet.
22.
He always gives ___ money to charity. He's a very generous person.
23.
We are taking a short ride. There's ___ time for a long one.
24.
The poor man has ___ food to eat. He'sstarving.
Exercise 1
Fill in the correct word (some or any).
1. Sue went to the cinema with of her friends!
2. Jane doesn't have friends.
3. Have you got brothers or sisters?
4. Here is food for the cat.
5. I think you should put flowers on the table.
6. Could you check if there are calls on the answering machine?
7. I don't want presents for my birthday.
8. Did they have news for you?
9. I'm hungry - I'll have sandwiches.
10. There aren't applesleft.
Exercise 2
Fill in the correct word (some or any).
1. I need a hammer and nails.
2. He does not want help.
3. There are sheep in the garden.
4. Do you know famous people?
5. They often invite friends to their home.
6. Do you have idea what they are doing there?
7. Charly doesn't have pets.
8. My little brother already knows words in English.
9. My mum doesn't speak foreign languages.
10. I've got sweets for you.
someone / anyone
Fill in the correct word (someone or anyone).
1. I know who is 100 years old.
2. There is at the door.
3. Did call?
4. There wasn't at home.
5. I think there is in the bushes.
6. I won't tell about your secret.
7. I didn't know the way, so I had to ask .
8. Has seenmykeys?
9. I would not give my bike to .
10. This jacket does not belong to of us.
Fill in the correct word (something or anything).
1. Is there I could do for you?
2. There is in your hair.
3. He said stupid.
4. Didyoubuy ?
5. There isn't in the fridge.
6. Do you know about Ireland?
7. I couldn't see in the dark.
8. Bob askedher .
9. I haven't heard of Sue for ages.
10. Has happened while I was away?
somewhere / anywhere
Fill in the correct word (somewhere or anywhere).
1. Have you seen my necklace ?
2. The restaurant must be around here.
3. My friend lives in Spain.
4. I cannot find my glasses .
5. Did you travel last weekend?
6. We have been near London.
7. Is Jane around?
8. I haven'tseenher .
9. Have you parked your car near?
10. Let's go next weekend.
Mix - Exercise 1
Fill in the correct word.
1. Phil is watching on TV.
2. Can yousee Simon ?
3. My little sister doesn't eat with carrots.
4. My grandfather is who doesn't go near a computer.
5. The accident happened near our school.
6. Does speakJapanese?
7. will wait for you at the station.
8. Your cup is in the kitchen.
9. Your room is still a mess. Have you cleaned up yet?
Mix - Exercise 2
Fill in the correct word.
1. I didn't know at the party and they weren't playing good songs either.
2. Let's go and eat .
3. I bought cheese in the shop.
4. ' else?' the shop assistant asked when she gave me the cheese.
5. I cannot see Charles . Are you sure he is here?
6. Laura is meeting friends at the club tonight.
7. Will take you home or shall I pick you up?
8. Do youneed help?
Mix - Exercise 3
Fill in the correct word.
1. I would not go without you.
2. There is I want to tell you.
3. The plates are in the cupboard.
4. Let's buy postcards here, they are so nice.
5. has left a message for you.
6. Did call a taxi?
7. Do you know songs by the Beatles?
8. I'm so hungry - I haven't eaten for hours.
9. I must find who can explain this to me.
10. There isn't a supermarket near us.
Exercise 1 - Exceptions in positive clauses
Fill in the correct word (some or any).
1. Danny has got cool computer games.
2. I can do this exercise without help.
3. Noreennever has time.
4. There are ice-creams in the freezer for you and your friends.
5. I get hardly pocket-money from my parents.
6. In the zoo, we saw strange creatures.
7. windowswere open.
8. Stuart never reads books in his freetime.
9. My friend has a garden without trees.
10. We hardly ever eat junk food.
Exercise 2 - Exceptions in positive clauses
Fill in the correct word.
1. Gerald bought flowers for me on the market.
2. He usually comes without flowers.
3. Linda has never been abroad.
4. There was hardly at the club last Saturday.
5. I must askyou .
6. Sally works in town.
7. Tony can spend all day in a shopping centre without spending money.
8. Jamie never does in the household.
9. Harry has been learning French for years, and he speaks the language without problems.
Exercise 3 - Exceptions in positive clauses and questions
Fill in the correct word (some or any).
1. Wouldyoulike biscuits?
2. No, thank you. But I'd like orange juice, please.
3. I'm sorry. I don't have orange juice. And there is hardly apple juice there, either. Would you like milk?
4. I never drink milk. Could I just have water?
5. Of course. But why don't you want biscuits?
6. I'm not hungry. I had eaten sandwiches just before I came here.
7. I see, but I will put on the table, anyway.
Exercise 4 - Exceptions in positive clauses and questions
Fill in the correct word.
1. When I am on holiday, I always buy for my relatives.
2. When my brother is on holiday, he never sends a postcard to .
3. Do you know punk groups?
4. Cindy speakshardly German.
5. Wouldyoulike tea?
6. Yes, please. And could I have sugar as well?
7. He left the house without having eaten .
8. has sent you a letter.
9. I cannot go this afternoon.
10. She never told us about her journeys.
الجمعة 16 مارس 2012 - 22:12